From the 1960s onwards, the global community became much more aware of the phenomena of air and water pollution and … land contamination. Moreover, over the last three decades, the issues of climate change, loss of biodiversity … the other. However, while biodiversity loss and climate change have garnered close attention in the realm of international …

Protecting biodiversity will require the phase-out of harmful production at a large scale. However, some of these … bilateral investment treaties they are parties to, that pose the most severe threat to biodiversity protection. It assumes that … foreign investment positions, and (iii) in countries with vulnerable biodiversity. To operationalize these notions, the paper …

Halting the ongoing global loss of biodiversity will require extensive phase-out of harmful production. A significant … income losses. To examine the impact of investment treaties on biodiversity protection, this paper studies a setting with … is harmful to biodiversity, and how this in turn reduces the host country's willingness to phase out the stranded …

the same time, a favourable conservation status for habitats, species and water bodies are still the exception in …