Innovation involves implementing new or significantly improved goods and services, production processes, marketing, or organizational methods for adding value. The measurement of innovation provides a mechanism for benchmarking national performance, and for examining innovation and its relation...

Private firms invest in physical capital and human resource but they are also advised to invest in innovations to be more productive and profitable. Innovations refer to the development, deployment, and economic utilization of new products, processes, and services. It is important for firms to...

Exploiting a change in policy governing the entry of foreign direct investment (FDI) in 2002, we apply the difference-in-differences model to estimate the effects of FDI on the product scope of domestic Chinese firms. In industries that experienced relaxation in FDI regulations, the average...

The Oslo Manual, following ideas of Schumpeter, defines innovation as "the implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), or process, a new marketing method, or a new organizational method in business practices, workplace organization or external relations". With...

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of economy therefore play a critical role for socioeconomic development of a country. Prior studies have discussed several factors to explain how SMEs performance can be improved such as product innovation (PDI), process innovation (PCI),...