, these results suggest that productivity growth in Pakistan would benefit from increased exposure of upstream sectors to …This paper examines productivity dynamics and drivers for Pakistani firms listed in the stock exchange (publicly listed …, to assess their impact on productivity downstream. The paper presents three main findings. First, the productivity of …

's productivity. We compare outsourcing in domestic with foreign-owned establishments. Our empirical results suggest that high wages …-owned firms have higher levels of outsourcing than domestic establishments. In the productivity analysis we find that an … establishment's outsourcing intensity is positively related to its labour productivity and total factor productivity growth and that …