Johansen test of co-integration was employed to determine whether the variables were co-integrated. The VECM was used for … were integrated of order one, I(1), with breaks (confirmed by ZA and LP unit root tests), a Johansen test of co-integration … was applied to identify whether the variables were co-integrated. The results of the Johansen co-integration test …

other developing countries. Methodology used in the study consists of co-integration tests, vector error correction models …