Several studies have highlighted that African manufacturing wages are higher than comparator countries at similar … levels of development, which contributes to the continent’s lower levels of manufacturing competitiveness. This paper derives … unit labor costs - average wages relative to productivity - for two-digit manufacturing sectors across a wide range of …

in the capital- and labor-intensive sectors of the Philippines, represented by manufacturing and agriculture …) although deployment and FDI flows increase employment in the manufacturing sector, production does not increase due to limited …

1. Indonesian Economy in Time of Covid: Surviving the Turmoil through Manufacturing Sector -- 2. Post-COVID Recovery …’ productivity? Case Study of Indonesian Manufacturing -- 4. International Trade and Human Development Convergence: The Tale of ASEAN … pandemic. With a particular focus on Indonesia, it highlights the historic importance of manufacturing within the region and …