This paper examines empirically the association between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inward and FDI outward. Using a panel data set for 35 economies over the period 1981-2004 as well as the methodology of panel cointegration and panel causality tests, the empirical findings show that FDI...

This paper investigates the possible impacts of the two major structural changes, namely the establishments of the Single European Market and the European Monetary Union, on FDI flows from the United States and Japan to 12 European Union countries. It applies the panel LM unit-root methodology...

This paper analyzes the dynamic relationship between FDI inflows and domestic investment for a panel of selected countries by means of panel cointegration and causality techniques. Specifically, the paper provides empirical evidence regarding the existence of possible crowding in or crowding out...