Strategy research often aims to empirically establish a causal relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable such as firm performance. For many important strategy research questions, however, traditional empirical techniques are not sufficient to establish causal effects...

Cross‐border activities of firms are said to be risky and complicated due to so‐called ‘liabilities of foreignness' (LOF) (Zaheer & Mosakowski 1997; Zaheer 1995). These LOF are difficulties firms in general have to face when acting in environments they are not familiar with. The existence of...

Motivated by the findings of Ramada-Sarasola (2009) and the lack of robustness of the previous literature's results on foreign entry mode choice to model specification in this paper I perform an Extreme Bounds Analysis to determine which of almost 60 explanatory variables used in the literature...

This paper reviews and criticizes in depth the empirical literature on foreign entry mode choice providing a motivation to perform a robustness analysis. Through a review of the theoretical approaches behind each study, as well as by comparing the way theoretical constructs are operationalized,...

Although outsourcing vs. vertical integration is generally treated as a binary choice in international trade literature, firm-level data reveal that inputs can be imported both within and across firms' boundaries, even within narrowly defined industries from the same host country. This paper...