This paper considers the nature and the distribution of trade and FDI effects of a potential enlargement of the European Monetary Union (EMU) to the 10 countries that obtained EU membership in 2004. One-way and two-way error component gravity models are estimated using a data set of unbalanced...

Based on the IMF de facto classification of countries’ exchange arrangements, this study examines the effect of exchange rate policies and inflationary expectation on foreign direct investment flow to the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ). The Study employed the Arellano Panel Correction for...

The “One Belt and One Road” (OBOR) project was started by the Chinese government with the aim of achieving sustainable economic development and increasing cooperation with other countries. This project has five major objectives, which include (i) increasing trade flow, (ii) encouraging...