This paper examines two major risks to foreign investors: default on sovereign debt and expropriation of foreign direct …

As a result of the 2010 sovereign debt crisis and the subsequent restructuring operations, bondholders have pursued …

have attracted much attention in the application of international investment arbitrationin sovereign debt restructuring …. However, the relationship between the international investment law and the sovereign debt restructuring is complex and … controversial, since the widespread investment arbitration may hinder the process of sovereign debt restructuring. It may even …

regulatory powers of the host state in taking measures in response to an existing debt crisis, and the impact of a negotiated … sovereign debt restructuring on the rights of non-cooperative creditors. In both respects, investment tribunals have not … conclusively, or unanimously, linked socio-economic rights with investment protection. This chapter examines the sovereign debt …

targeted under the Public Sector Purchase Programme and other euro-denominated debt securities, towards foreign debt … instruments, including 'closest sub- stitutes', i.e. certain sovereign debt securities issued by non-euro area advanced countries …