: the technology and scale effect. The second aim is to analyse the causal relationship between foreign ownership and these … rate of technology transfer from the MNE parent companies, (iii) the productivity growth effects are not confined to the …

towards East Asia …

to negative economic growth. The presence of FDI inflows does not necessarily improve technology level of host countries …

, process technology and adaptive capabilities in the least developed countries, and more substantive R&D capabilities in the … middle income countries. In doing so the book provides a rich set of examples where embodied technology formation and …

In this paper, we extend the growth model to include firm-specific technology capital and use it to assess the gains … from opening to foreign direct investment. A firm's technology capital is its unique know-how from investing in research … and development, brands, and organization capital. Technology capital is distinguished from other forms of capital in that …