Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are increasingly dealing with challenges shaped by the new geopolitical and trade … environments. Besides traditional tariffs, exporting firms need to comply with regulatory non-tariff measures (NTMs) in the form of … technical barriers to trade (TBTs) and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures. Although trade costs associated with these …

, convergence in growth rate can emerge both with an import tariff and under free trade. Ours results are consistent with the …This paper studies the role of trading partner' growth and a domestic import tariff in the possibility of growing … through trade. To this purpose, a Ricardian model is developed in which a backward economy seeks to increase its long …

Experts analyze the policy challenges of taxation in developing countries, including corruption, tax evasion, and … View Bribes as a Tax? Evidence on the Tradeoff between Corporate Taxes and Corruption in the Location of FDI -- 4 Do … Corruption and Taxation Affect Corporate Investment in Developing Countries? -- 5 Investment Treaties and Hydrocarbon Taxation in …

that most developed countries do not face, including widespread corruption, tax evasion and tax avoidance, and ineffective … on foreign direct investment; forms of corruption, tax evasion, and tax avoidance that are specific to developing …