The taxation of financial services is one of the most vexing aspects of a VAT. Conceptually, VAT should apply to any fee for service but where financial services are concerned there is a difficulty in identifying the taxable amount, ie the value added by financial institutions. As a result, most...

Many Value-Added Taxes (VATs) or Goods and Services Taxes (GSTs) include a tax refund scheme for goods acquired by tourists when they visit the jurisdiction, and then return home. The policy, design and operation of tourist tax refund schemes have not been widely researched in the literature....