Macroeconomic models that are based on either the rational expectations hypothesis (REH) or behavioral considerations share a core premise: All future market outcomes can be characterized ex ante with a single overarching probability distribution. This paper assesses the empirical relevance of...

Truth is important in finance. Asset valuation, being a constitutive component of investment theory and the allocation of resources in the industry of financial services, is based on models that calculate true asset values as distinct from observed market prices. In financial economics, truth is...

The emergence of high frequency trading has resulted in `bursts' of orders arriving at an exchange (nearly) simultaneously, yet most electronic financial exchanges implement the continuous limit order book which requires processing of orders serially. Contrary to an assumption that appears...

We overview different methods of modeling volatility of stock prices and exchange rates, focusing on their ability to reproduce the empirical properties in the corresponding time series. The properties of price fluctuations vary across the time scales of observation. The adequacy of different...