Research on IPOs commonly focuses on the relation between firms' pre IPO ownership structure and subsequent stock performance. We extend the literature by additionally focusing on companies' post IPO ownership structure, in particular private equity capital engagement, to analyze IPOs stock...

I propose a new investor sentiment measurement for the private equity market based on over 12,000 private equity deals from 68 countries over 1992 to 2012. The data indicate that institutional environments and firm-specific characteristics are both strong determinants of the private equity...

We examine how private placements of equity (PPEs) affect debtholder wealth. We find that banks charge higher loan spreads, require more collateral, and impose stricter covenants for firms conducting PPEs. The results are more pronounced for firms without a value-enhancing PPE feature,...

We study the effect of investor horizons on corporate cash holdings. We argue that investors with longer horizons monitor more because their net benefit of monitoring is higher. Consequently, the optimal amount of corporate cash holdings increases, so firms hold more cash. We find empirical...

Higher CEO incentives can both reduce the conflict between management and shareholders, thereby making blockholder monitoring less necessary (“substitution effect”), and increase the ability to punish recalcitrant CEOs through blockholder’s exit, thereby making blockholder monitoring more...

This study analyzed activism that leads to a merger or acquisition (M&A) of a firm to see its benefits for the shareholders at the target firm as well as its acquirer. It used over thirty years of data to understand the impact of the activists’ demands of strategic significance for the firms....

Exploiting mergers between lenders and shareholders of the same firm as an exogenous shock to dual ownership, we examine the role that dual holdings (i.e., simultaneous equity and debt holding) play in shaping firms’ ex ante expected stock price crash risk evident in the options implied...

This paper uses proprietary data from a leading intermediary to understand the magnitude and determinants of transaction costs in the secondary market for private equity stakes. Most transactions occur at a discount to net asset value. Buyers average an annualized public market equivalent of...

There is a widespread belief among observers that a lower premium is paid when the target CEO is retained by the acquirer in a private equity deal because the CEO's potential conflicts of interest leads her to negotiate less aggressively on behalf of the target shareholders. Our empirical...

Recent research on blockholders focuses on activist hedge funds and documents positive stock but negative bond returns. This study investigates the role of blockholder heterogeneity on security market effects and target firm follow-on activities across three important dimensions: identity,...