The implementation of the MiFID Directive in November 2007 results in the end of monopolies of European stock exchanges. Thus it introduces trades fragmentation: listed securities are no longer solely traded in the market which first listed them, but also in other stock exchanges or trading...

Building on Vinhas de Souza (and Vinhas de Souza and Tudela), this chapter briefly describes the historical process of financial liberalization and integration of Baltic and Central European Countries (BCECs) since the 1990s. It investigates the hypotheses that the type of financial integration...