Prevailing research posits that liquidity providers bypass long queue lines on exchanges by offering liquidity in dark venues with de minimis sub-penny price improvement, thus exploiting an exception to the penny quote rule. We show that (a) the SEC enforces the quote rule to prevent sub-penny...

This article is based on a lecture at Nihon College of Law in Tokyo and draws on William K.S. Wang & Marc I. Steinberg, Insider Trading (Oxford University Press 3d ed. 2010); and William K.S. Wang, Stock Market Insider Trading: Victims, Violators, and Remedies–Including an Analogy to Fraud in...

The development of the Brazilian stock market has raised concerns about the practice of insider information, with several cases being documented in recent years. We hypothesize that insider trading is a form of corruption. As such, the higher the corruption level in a country, the more intense...

The first stock exchanges involved government. The modern stock exchange is strangely devoid of government presence, at least in terms of the decision to halt trading. Meanwhile, over two-hundred billion dollars trades each day on the New York Stock Exchange, one of thirteen recognized domestic...

Despite continued attempts by regulators to curtail abusive short sales and increase transparency, the pattern and practice of fraudulent manipulation continues to proliferate and threaten the capitalization of a wide variety of issuers within the securities market. Identifying a meaningful...

This paper shows that studies of announcement effects of bond rating changes should take into account the initial rating. First, we provide theoretical support for different price effects as a non-linear function of the initial credit rating, using a structural, Merton-type model linking the...

This paper offers a novel perspective on the implications of increasingly autonomous and “black box” algorithms, within the ramification of algorithmic trading, for the integrity of capital markets. Artificial intelligence (AI) and particularly its subfield of machine learning (ML) methods...

Law and politics had a significant impact on stock market development in Germany between 1870 and the beginning of World War II. IPOs can be a bellwether for stock market development and nearly 1100 were carried out on the Berlin Stock Exchange during this period. Regulatory changes occurring in...