This paper examines the informativeness of analysts' target price forecasts by relating the investment value of target prices to their primary drivers. Decomposing target price forecasts into near-term earnings forecasts and price-to-earnings ratio forecasts, we show that target price revisions...

We examine an alternative and equivalent Black and Litterman [1992] formula using classical multivariate analysis which is easier to interpret and which allows more general view formulations than the original formula. Speci fically, the equivalent formula provides more intuitive explanation...

We document a striking change in index return serial dependence across 20 major market indexes covering 15 countries in North America, Europe, and Asia. While many studies found serial dependence to be positive until the 1990s, it switches to negative since the 2000s. This change happens in most...