As part of the SEC's revision of Regulation S-K, many investors proposed the mandatory disclosure of sustainability information in the form of environmental, social and governance (ESG) data. However, progress is contingent on collecting evidence regarding which sustainability disclosures are...

Theoretically, corporate social responsibility (CSR) can have both positive and negative effects on stock price crash risk, and the empirical evidence is mixed. CSR can be a useful signal of better informational quality and acts as an effective corporate governance mechanism, both of which serve...