Introduction -- Money, Bonds and Economic Activity: Money, Bonds and Interest Rates -- Term Structure of Interest Rates -- The Credit Market and Economic Activity: Theories on Credit Market, Credit Risk and Economic Activity -- Empirical Tests on Credit Market and Economic Activity -- The Stock...

This paper analyzes the connectedness between gold, wheat, and crude oil futures, Bitcoin, carbon emission futures, and international stock markets in the G7, BRICS, and Gulf regions with the outbreak of exogenous and unexpected shocks related to health, banking, and political crises. To this...

We compared forecasts of stock market volatility based on real-time and revised macroeconomic data. To this end, we used a new dataset on monthly real-time macroeconomic variables for Germany. The dataset covers the period 1994-2005. We used a statistical, a utility-based, and an options-based...

This paper examines whether macroeconomic instability can influence stock market volatility in a sample of 5 emerging European countries. To account for the effects of fundamentals, modified ARCH/GARCH models are employed. The results are discordant from one country to another, but when a...