after suppliers enter a DF contract for the first time, compared to the corresponding change for control firms over the same … measured by return on assets, significantly improves after entering a DF contract, and the improvement is greater for suppliers … notion that suppliers, after entering a DF contract, increase the reliance on private demand forecasts from customers and, in …

from management. This paper investigates whether labor unions use proposals opportunistically to influence contract … negotiations. Our empirical strategy relies on the observation that proposals have higher bargaining-chip value in contract … expiration years, when a new contract must be negotiated. We find that in contract expiration years compared to nonexpiration …