This paper examines insider trading around first-time debt covenant violation disclosures in SEC filings, and is interesting from a research and regulatory standpoint for three reasons – delay and infrequency of a first-time disclosure, lack of attention to covenant disclosures by regulators,...

Two issues are investigated herein, using Japanese data: (1) the relationship between corporate governance and voluntary adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and (2) market reactions to announcements of such an adoption of IFRS. Prior studies suggest that the economic...

The efficiency of a (capital) market is a key element in economics (e.g. Marshall 2009; Mankiw 2014). This paper attempts to shed more light on the market efficiency hypothesis in cases where the rare event of a deliberate violation of the GAAP has taken place (misrepresentation). The aim of the...

For a sample of commercial banks during 1994 – 2008, we find that accumulated fair value adjustments for interest-bearing investment securities are positively associated with future interest income and total realized income from these investments. Additional tests reveal that accumulated fair...

We investigate the determinants and informativeness of banks’ ROTCE non-GAAP disclosures. ROTCE is a common performance measure used in the banking industry that adjusts for items ignored by banking industry regulators for capital adequacy assessments (i.e., goodwill, intangible assets,...

We examine how private placements of equity (PPEs) affect debtholder wealth. We find that banks charge higher loan spreads, require more collateral, and impose stricter covenants for firms conducting PPEs. The results are more pronounced for firms without a value-enhancing PPE feature,...

We show that firms 'in danger' of being delisted from a stock market (NASDAQ) report higher performance-adjusted discretionary accruals and the inflated accruals are associated with an increased likelihood of maintained listing. Accruals of firms 'in danger' are less positive in fiscal quarters...

Financial economic models often assume that investors know (or agree on) the fundamental value of the shares of the firm, easing the passage from the individual to the collective dimension of the financial system generated by the Share Exchange over time. Our model relaxes that heroic assumption...

Real earnings management (REM) practices are related to subsequent stock returns. Specifically, stocks of firms with abnormally low (high) levels of operating cash flows underperform (outperform) in the subsequent year, whereas stocks of firms with abnormally low (high) levels of production...