When governments levy taxes on labour income on the basis of a balanced budget rule, this rule causes a nonlinear system.Thus, multiple steady states in an economy exist, which can cause multiple movement patterns in an economy. This article deals with the existence of these multiple steady...

Municipalities introduced unit-based pricing (UBP) with the aim of achieving a decrease in household waste generation and for the replacement of unsorted waste with recycling. Although many studies have shown that UBP has a short-run effect on recycling, few works have tackled the long-run...

This study estimates the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for packaging with less material by using contingent valuation. We found that people who care about the environmental friendliness of a product, who have a positive perception of less packaging, and who live in a municipality implementing...

The paper constructs a general equilibrium model model where the rate of technical progress and the distribution of R&D expenditure by heterogeneous research firms are simultaneously determined. Using the model, we explore the effects of the following policy measures on those two endogenous...

When governments levy taxes on labor income on the basis of a balanced budget rule, two steady states in an economy exist, which can cause two movement patterns, namely, indeterminacy paths and a saddle path. Many economists deal with this issue based on indivisiblelabor. On an general...

The paper develops a patent race model of firms which differ in R&D productivity. It is demon-strated that R&D subsidies generate the cleansing effect where relatively lower productivity firms drop out of the race and innovation accelerates due to expanded R&D investment by the remaining firms...