business credit further expansion slows rather than boosts growth. Causality from more credit to slower growth is supported by … exogenous variation in financial size. The empirical analyses point to five factors that link more credit to slower growth: i …) excessive financial deregulation, ii) a more pronounced increase in credit issuance by banks than other intermediaries, iii) too …

market thus gives a lower value to these banks. Our findings provide prima facie evidence of a credit crunch in Europe …This paper reviews the state of the banking sector in Europe. At the aggregate level, the empirical data suggest that … financial crisis. This deleveraging is mainly caused by a reduction in cross-border supply of credit. We also examine the …

policy interest rate cuts and unconventional policy measures to higher asset prices and lower cost of credit in and outside … willingness to supply credit. The paper also stresses that the monetary accommodation risks having unintended negative …

In the wake of the 2008-09 financial crisis, a number of European OECD countries introduced credit mediation schemes …, as a new, often temporary mechanism to help ease access to finance by SMEs. This report investigates the nature of credit … mediation and credit review schemes implemented in selected countries (i.e. Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland and Spain) in the …