The circular economy concept has received considerable attention both in the business sector and in academia. In this paper, we highlight the role of banks in the circular economy. We propose that banks need to: develop a common understanding of the circular economy; issue widely accepted and...

Financial institutions in Indonesia are various. There is a cooperative Bank, the company and others. The Bank is a term that means to make withdrawals, borrowing and saving money. Views will be the strength of the role of financial institutions to society, the Bank got the role is higher than...

Most bank efficiency studies that use stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) employ each bank's own implicit input price when estimating efficient frontiers. But the theoretical foundation of most studies is a cost minimisation and/ or profit maximisation problem assuming perfect input markets. At...

German banks experienced a merger wave throughout the 1990s. However, the success of bank mergers remains a continuous matter of debate. In this paper we suggest a taxonomy as how to evaluate post-merger performance on the basis of cost efficiency (CE). We categorise mergers a success that...

This paper uses clinical evidence to show how the German system of corporate control and governance is both more active and more hostile than has previously been suggested. It provides a complete breakdown of ownership and take-over defence patterns in German listed companies and finds highly...