This paper briefly reviews the existing methods of capacity utilization in nonparametric framework from economic perspectives, and then suggests an alternative in the light of limitations therein. In the spirit of work by Coelli et al. [Coelli, T.J., Grifell-Tatje, E., Perelman, S., 2002....

In this study, we focus on how banks can enhance their efficiency in the utilization of resources to ensure their economic sustainability. We propose a novel three-stage (production, investment, and revenue generation) network Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with bootstrapping to evaluate the...