Federal banking agencies recently revised the regulation implementing the Community Reinvestment Act, which encourages banks to lend in low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. Since there is little conclusive empirical evidence that banks fail to meet the credit needs of such neighborhoods,...

In the aftermath of one of the worst recessions in U.S. history, high unemployment has placed millions of Americans in precarious financial positions. More than ever Americans are opting out of traditional financial services, relying instead on “fringe lenders” such as check cashers, payday...

Cooperation among savings and cooperative banks was criticized by the European Commission because of potentially anti-competitive effects. In an industrial economics model of banks taking deposits and giving loans we look at regional demarcation as one of such cooperative practices. There are...