We define continuous-time dynamics for exchange economies with fiat money. Traders have locally rational expectations, face a cash-in-advance constraint, and continuously adjust their short-run dominant strategy in a monetary strategic market game involving a double-auction with limit-price...

We define a non-tâtonnement dynamics in continuous-time for pure-exchange economies with outside and inside fiat money. Traders are myopic, face a cash-in-advance constraint and play dominant strategies in a short-run monetary strategic market game involving the limit-price mechanism. The...

The period from 1914 to 1935 in the United States is unique in that it was the only time that both privately-issued bank notes (national bank notes) and central bank-issued bank notes (Federal Reserve notes) were simultaneously in circulation. This paper describes some lessons relevant to...

In the United States prior to 1863 each bank issued its own distinct notes. E-money shares many of the characteristics of these bank notes. This paper describes some lessons relevant to e-money from the U.S. experience with state bank notes. It examines historical evidence on how well the bank...

Beginning in 1864, in the United States notes of national banks were the predominant medium of exchange. Each national bank issued its own notes. E-money shares many of the characteristics of these bank notes. This paper describes some lessons relevant to emoney from the U.S. experience with...

The bulk of cash is held for store of value purposes, with such holdings sharply increasing in times of high economic uncertainty and only a fraction of the population choosing to hoard cash. We develop a Diamond and Dybvig model with public money as a store of value and heterogeneous beliefs...

Microfinance is largely seen as a tool for promoting economic growth, and poverty reduction. It involves the supply of financial services on a micro scale to low income earners usually operating in the informal sector and located in rural and semi-urban communities. In Nigeria, microfinance...

In Q1 2013 the trend of slowing growth in the credit portfolio of banks was sustained. In the retail segment of credit market there was started deterioration of the Bank's loan portfolio quality. Profitability of the banking business is getting reduced for the second consecutive quarter, which...

Banks and financial institutions are increasingly coming under pressure from shareholders to deliver an acceptable return on investment. A new textbook for the banking sector in Zimbabwe is currently due. Banks are no longer offering welcome services as theoretically known. Investment in banks...

The banking sector profit has grown significantly. At the same time, problems with the rate of return in the banking sector have not evaporated. State owned banks account for nearly all profit. Private banks are balancing on the verge of zero rate of return. Concentration of assets in the...