The effective organization of cross-border banking is likely to include both subsidiaries and branches. The choice from a bank's point of view depends on the nature of financial services provided, the nature of the market served, tax systems and the types of risk the bank faces in home and host...

The latest election for the European Parliament in May 2014 resulted in substantial gains for EU-skeptical parties across the EU. We argue on economic grounds that more flexible integration within the EU could increase the support for the integration process across the heterogeneous group of...

We analyze theoretically how financial synergies among bank affiliates affect banks' choice of organizational structure in branches or subsidiaries characterized by different arrangements for internal insurance against affiliates' default. Financial synergies may be generated by reduced default...