In the wake of recent crisis developments in the US and Europe, non-bank credit channels have often been portrayed as 'shadow banking' and have been considered primarily through the lens of the risks they may pose to financial stability. However, the debate about financial system structures...

The banking crisis in the euro area, which started in mid-2007 and has yet to be fully resolved, has sparked considerable debate and reform, most notably the initiation of banking union starting in mid-2012. But one issue that has been largely overlooked in the debate is the peculiar ownership...

Six years after starting the banking union, the European Union has reiterated its members’ commitment to "make further concrete progress on the Banking Union by the end of the year" (Donohoe 2020). EU officials are right not to let Covid-19 derail necessary debates over this objective. But the...