Entrepreneurial competencies are capabilities that the business mind people possess to create a new business idea or improve the existing one. Though the direct effect of entrepreneurs' competence on the performance of MSMEs was relatively researched, its mediating effect was not studied well....

After the inception of the euro, the real economy in most member countries remained dependent on credit by domestic banks, which increasingly funded themselves through cross-border interbank funding. We find that this pattern of 'double-decker' banking integration exposed domestic banks to sharp...

We study the delivery of subsidized financing to small firms through the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). Smaller firms are less likely to gain early PPP access, an effect attenuated in small banks and firms with prior lending relationships. Their more even treatment offers a new rationale,...