This study analyzes the drivers of the use of formal vs. informal financial services in emerging and developing countries using the 2017 Global FINDEX data. In particular, we investigate whether individuals' choice of financial services correlates with macro-financial and macro-structural...

A study of both informal and formal financial markets in Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria and Tanzania, Financial Market Fragmentation and Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa, shows that informal institutions use specialized methods to serve broad segments of the population that lack access to banks. Although...

This paper reviews the literature on how the evolution of banks and markets is blurring the distinction between them, and the implications of this for post-crisis regulation of banks and markets. Unanswered research questions are identified

This paper examines the ongoing integration of banks and markets through the blurring of boundaries between them. It considers how this integration affects the raison d'etre of banks and its implications for the future evolution of banks, systemic risk and prudential regulation. Shadow banks, PE...