The global non-bank sector has experienced significant growth since the global financial crisis, raising concerns that this shift represents a financial stability risk. We consider the drivers of this growth in Sweden: a small, open economy whose non-bank sector has grown rapidly. In contrast...

The euro area financial system took excessive risks during the global credit boom, which in some countries led to an unsustainable increase in credit, higher asset prices and housing booms. This process helped to fuel large imbalances within the euro area. Banks played a key role in channelling...

The GFC has affected national banking sectors across the globe. These effects have differed according to many factors, including the degrees of openness in real and financial sectors, maturity of financial intermediation, and fiscal and monetary policy responses. One very interesting case is the...

The organization structure of global banks affects how they respond to liquidity shocks and matters for international shock transmission. Liquidity shocks to global banks induces a fire sales of securities by their international branches that rely on parent banks for funding, but not by their...

Asset-backed securitization (ABS) may contribute to generating instability in financial markets both through an 'inside effect' in the banking system – facilitating progressive deterioration of bank assets' quality – and through an ‘outside effect' – favoring credit risk transfer from...

This paper explores the relationship between banks and stablecoins and their issuers, focusing on the mechanical effects on banks' capital and liquidity ratios when issuing stablecoins or collecting deposits from stablecoin issuers. The analysis reveals that converting retail deposits into...

The assets under management of investment funds have soared in recent years, triggering a debate on their possible implications for financial stability. We contribute to this debate assessing the asset price impact of fire sales in a novel partial equilibrium model of euro area funds and banks...

This paper investigates issuance and possible design of sustainable bank debt instruments. While these types of securities have found their place in corporate industry, banks’ decision to issue debt linked to ESG targets needs to be weighed against regulatory requirements on loss absorbing...

Stricter derivative margin requirements have increased the demand for liquid collateral but euro area investment funds which use derivatives extensively have been reducing their liquid asset holdings. Using transaction-by-transaction derivatives data, we assess whether the current levels of...