Lenders can exploit households' payment data to infer their creditworthiness. When households value privacy, they then face a tradeoff between protecting such privacy and credit conditions. We study how the introduction of an informationally more intrusive digital payment vehicle affects...

The market for payment cards is inherently two sided. Consumers benefit from increased merchant acceptance of payment cards and vice versa. To quantify the interdependence of consumer and merchants or network externalities, we construct and estimate a structural two-sided model of a payment...

We present key results from the 2023 Methods-of-Payment (MOP) Survey, including updated payment shares based on a three-day shopping diary. Results show that measures of cash management and use have remained fairly stable since 2020, along with the estimated share of payments made online. In...