Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the lifeblood of the UK economy. Their ability to grow is a key determinant of the nation’s future economic health.In recent years, businesses of all sizes have been investing more in intangible assets, in particular intellectual property, than in...

This study employs the meta-SFA and panel data analysis to investigate the impact of identifiable intangibles (excluding goodwill) on the bank’s efficiency and efficiency convergence among 4 areas: the EU, US, JP, and CN. Our work focuses on 609 commercial banks from 2012 to 2021, which...