TABLE OF CONTENTSIntroduction 192I. Cleaning Up Contaminated Sites 200A. Program Accomplishments 205B. NPL Listings/Deletions 206C. Construction Complete 209D. Government Performance Results Act Measures 210E. Removal Actions 212II. Paying for Cleanup: Taxes and Liability 213A. Superfund Trust...

As financial institutions and policymakers worldwide are considering how to integrate sustainability considerations throughout financial systems, a critical question is whether banks can effectively assess and monitor borrowers' environmental credit risk. China's green credit reforms, part of...

This study uses covenant violations to provide evidence on how firms make disclosure decisions in the presence of enhanced bank monitoring. Using a regression discontinuity design, I find that firms reduce disclosure following covenant violations. A series of analyses suggest that part of this...

This article relates corporate credit rating quality to competition in lending between the public bond market and banks. In the model, the monopolistic rating agency's choice of price and quality leads to an endogenous threshold separating low-quality bank-dependent issuers from higher-quality...

Banks finance newly-founded firms extensively despite severe asymmetric information. Whereas the demand for credit usually follows from entrepreneurs' lack of liquidity, we ask why and how banks supply credit to new firms of unknown value. We propose a model of credit allocation in which, due to...

Corporate term loans typically include a penalty-free prepayment option. In a model where borrowers strategically prepay, we show that high prepayment risk can trigger credit rationing by the bank. However, an upfront fee, which allows the bank to lower the loan spread and therefore the...

Recent evidence suggests that investors struggle to process complex financial disclosures. Relative to equity and public debt investors, banks have unique advantages in acquiring information and can impose contractual terms to mitigate information frictions. We investigate whether financial...

Applying a difference-in-differences approach to explore variations in the timing of bank mergers in the U.S. over the last two decades, we document an increase in borrowers' disclosure when their banks engage in mergers and acquisitions. The effect is stronger among borrowers more reliant on...

We focus on the determinants and potentially associated benefits of relationship banking. Based on existing literature and the unique role intangible assets might play regarding asymmetric information, we derive three testable predictions. Using rich data on firm-bank relationships in Germany,...

This article relates corporate credit rating quality to competition in lending between the public bond market and banks. In the model, the monopolistic rating agency's choice of price and quality leads to an endogenous threshold separating low-quality bank-dependent issuers from higher-quality...