Minimum capital requirement regulation forces banks to refund a substantial amount of their investments with equity … paper argues that, in addition to the buffer and cost effect of capital regulation, there is a strategic effect. A binding … capital requirement regulation restricts the lending capacity of banks, and therefore reduces the intensity of loan interest …

Reforms of financial regulation after the crisis of 2007-2009 raise the question of what is the relation between … financial regulators and competition authorities. Should competition authorities play a role in financial regulation? Should …-specific regulation involves authorities actually prescribing desired modes of behavior. The ongoing nature of relations makes regulators …

, performing substantially similar activities, with banks inside and NBFIs outside the perimeter of banking regulation. We argue … regulation and are such that banks remain special as both routine and emergency liquidity providers to NBFIs. We support this …