This paper examines the role of an important type of instrument in international trade financing - the merchant bank acceptance - in the pre-WW1 British economy. A new dataset on merchant bank acceptances from 1880 to 1913 is analysed through the lens of recent developments in time series...

We exploit employment data from 10,528 parishes across nineteenth century England and Wales and find that a one standard deviation increase in finance employment increases the annualized growth rate of secondary labour by 0.8 percentage points. An endogenous growth model with finance and...

To thrive, the Romanian peasant needed primarily to obtain credit, especially credit on favorable terms. Romanians from Transylvanian adopted a prudent policy, but one that defended their economic interests.Romanian credit institutions from Transylvanian were formed and evolved in a complex...

We exploit employment data from 10,528 parishes across nineteenth century England and Wales and find that a one standard deviation increase in finance employment increases the annualized growth rate of secondary labour by 0.8 percentage points. An endogenous growth model with finance and...

Does the combination of inflation and high corporate taxes explain the increase in bank leverage in the 20th century? Inflation automatically increases bank debt, while high corporate taxes hinder capital accumulation. Capital ratios therefore drop, until leverage-induced returns are sufficient...

Does the combination of inflation and high corporate taxes explain the increase in bank leverage in the 20th century? Inflation automatically increases bank debt, while high corporate taxes hinder capital accumulation. Capital ratios therefore drop, until leverage-induced returns are sufficient...

Using 1708-1788 historical data, we test the Austrian hypothesis that fractional-reserve banking destabilizes commodity prices, complicating economic calculation and entrepreneurial planning, and contributes to boom-bust cycles. The Bank of Amsterdam (Wisselbank, 1609-1819) maintained high...

Capital adequacy ratio (CAR) of the Turkish Banking Sector decreased dramatically from 30.9% in 2003 to 17.1% as of 2019 May. This figure shows that although TBS has still relatively high CAR compared to many countries, unfortunately there is a decreasing trend. A downward trend in CAR...

This article examines potential civil liability under the multistate norms of tort and closely related areas in the common law of the United States for the mass media re-publisher of leaked corporate secrets. The examination employs two fact patterns derived from real cases: one, contemporary,...

Technology offers enormous potential and opportunities to the Indian Banking sector. Rapid technological diffusion and entry of non-banking entities like fintechs, bigtechs and e-retailers into financial space have left no scope for Indian banks to delay and deny technological innovations. Given...