Existing empirical research shows that foreign owned banks play a stabilizing role in emerging economies' banking systems. Anecdotal evidence suggests that this stabilizing role can be attributed to transnational banks' access to more diversified sources of liquidity. There exists, however, no...

Bank credit, as a means of payment, circulates in a circuit: It is first originated from the banking system, then used for trading, and eventually deposited back to the banking system. This circulation creates an interbank network that has been little studied. I characterize how this interbank...

This paper explores the relationship between banks and stablecoins and their issuers, focusing on the mechanical effects on banks' capital and liquidity ratios when issuing stablecoins or collecting deposits from stablecoin issuers. The analysis reveals that converting retail deposits into...

This paper explores the determinants of the net interest margin (NIM) using unbalanced panel data from 2003 to 2017. This paper's objective is achieved by using a two-step system generalised method of moment (GMM) for estimation. Three different models are to account for two alternative measures...

Marx’s theory of money is critiqued relative to the advent of fiat and electronic currencies and the development of financial markets. Specific topics of concern include (1) today’s identity of the money commodity, (2) possible heterogeneity of the money commodity, (3) the categories of land...