analysis to all politicians (almost 160.000) belonging to a political body in Italy. Overall, our dataset contains 1.858 board … members referring to 127 cooperative banks.Results show that politically connected banks, in which politicians have executive … statutes of the Italian cooperative banks, we argue that the problem is not for politicians to be in the boards but for them to …

. Furthermore, a higher fraction of the rents that are created accrue to bankers, former politicians are not more likely to be …-executive position at a bank in the future, politicians provide for beneficial regulation. "--World Bank web site …

In the current recession, politicians grant state aid of yet unknown dimensions. But what is the most efficient measure … types of direct subsidies with indirectly subsidized loans. We find that, in a large parameter range, politicians prefer …, politicians use subsidized loans inefficiently often. …