This paper analyzes the relation between the quality of the legal enforcement of loan contracts and the allocation of credit to households, both theoretically and empirically.

This Article is the first to analyze an unexplored but critical change in how modern banks are governed: the rise of lawyers as bank directors. That rise has been precipitous, raising the question of why lawyer-directors now sit on most bank boards. Using novel empirical evidence, we show that...

Discrimination in lending can occur either in face-to-face decisions or in algorithmic scoring. We provide a workable interpretation of the courts' legitimate-business-necessity defense of statistical discrimination. We then estimate the extent of racial/ethnic discrimination in the largest...

Under both federal and state arbitration law, arbitrators are generally understood to have the authority to rule on their own jurisdiction in the first instance, including ruling on whether the parties have agreed to arbitrate. A party that asserts it has not agreed to arbitrate is entitled to...

Contrasta a técnica empregada pelas autoridades reguladoras do mercado de correspondentes com a prática contratual estabelecida nesse mercado pelas instituições autorizadas a funcionar pelo Banco Central do Brasil (BCB). Conclui que o efetivo alcance dos objetivos da regulação mostra-se...

A deep-seated rule in Israeli law is that the bank owes a fiduciary duty to its customers. The concept of imposing a fiduciary duty on banks is not originally an Israeli one. The Israeli courts adopted it from British law. However, from the moment that it was introduced in Israel, the courts...

According to Israeli law, the bank owes a fiduciary duty to its customers. However, recently, the Israeli courts have expanded the doctrine of the ban's fiduciary duty in various ways: In terms of the content o the duty; in terms of the scope of the beneficiaries – other than customers –...

This article examines how virtual banks in Hong Kong may discourage the use of banking services and create new forms of financial exclusion. The competitive edge of virtual banks is also lacking when conventional banks offer the same online services. This article suggests the role of technology...

We test the overarching hypothesis that financial institutions face relatively milder fines due to financial stability concerns. To do so, we use an event study approach on a sample of 441 listed cartel members prosecuted by the European Commission between 1998 and June 2020. Our results suggest...