The supplementary old-age pension system in Poland consists of group and individual plans. This research covers the latter, namely the individual retirement accounts and individual retirement saving accounts that were introduced in 2004 and 2012 respectively. The main aim of the paper is to...

Financial technology (FinTech) companies are increasingly important in the financial system. We investigate the effect of peer-to-peer (P2P) lending on traditional banks' loan losses by examining whether and how P2P lending activity in a state affects loan loss provisions of that state's...

Banks are unique in that they combine the production of liquid claims with loans. They can replicate most of what FinTech firms can do, but FinTech firms benefit from an uneven playing field in that they are less regulated than banks. The uneven playing field enables non-bank FinTech firms to...

The pandemic crisis has accelerated the entry of financial technology (“fintech”) firms into the banking industry. Some of the new fintech banks are owned or controlled by commercial enterprises. Affiliations between commercial firms and fintech banks raise fresh concerns about the dangers...

There has been a great deal of interest recently in understanding the potential role of fintech firms in expanding credit access to the underbanked and credit-constrained consumers. We explore the supply side of fintech credit, focusing on unsecured personal loans and mortgage loans. We...

Banks and financial institutions are increasingly coming under pressure from shareholders to deliver an acceptable return on investment. A new textbook for the banking sector in Zimbabwe is currently due. Banks are no longer offering welcome services as theoretically known. Investment in banks...

This paper examines the architecture of money, role of central and commercial banks, structure and implementation of monetary policy tools (new and old), including the impact of the Basel Accords under the global consolidation of banking supervision by the Bank of International Settlements (BIS)...

The European market has been served by regulated and licensed e-money tokens (EMTs) since 2019, contradicting the claim that legal clarity is needed for EMTs. Despite the well-functioning e-money legislation, the EU Parliament will vote on a new regulation specifically for EMTs as part of the...

Pawnbroking, one of the oldest and most accessible forms of credit, was a common feature of life in pre-famine and famine Ireland. This paper studies the role of pawnbroking in the Irish financial system during this important period, applying insights from modern studies on fringe banking to...