We consider an entrepreneur who has no assets in place but possesses an option to invest in a project incurring a lump-sum investment cost, of which a fraction must be financed by entering into an equity-for-guarantee swap. The entrepreneur is exposed to macroeconomic risk as well as...

The equity-for-guarantee swap (EGS) is a new popular financial derivative. We derive closed-form solutions for the interaction of the optimal investment and financing with the swap in a real-options framework. We find that there is an U-shaped relationship between investment timing and the...

We consider loan guarantees and security token offerings (STOs). If information is symmetric, STOs are better than loan guarantees. Under asymmetric information we identify the highest equity price making imitation unprofitable. A pooling (separating) equilibrium is reached through loan...