A financial transaction tax (FTT) compares to a value-added tax on financial transactions and financial services. This … differs from the financial activity tax (FAT) that is raised on profits of financial companies or on profit …, the assessment base and the tax rate. The European Union hasn't been able to design an EU-wide FTT; not even the complete …

curtailed credit supply, particularly at less-well capitalized banks. Second, such negative impact was larger for countries … significantly smaller for foreign-owned banks, suggesting that opening up to foreign investors may be an effective way to partly … shield the domestic banking sector from negative shocks. Overall, CAR enforcement — by inducing banks to reduce their lending …

We explore the effects of ownership concentration on the risk-taking behavior of banks. Our analysis focuses on East … concentrated ownership improves banks' liquidity. Further, the recent financial crisis does not appear to change the fundamental …