of corruption in the society all farms of corruptions has to be internalized by introducing a permit and tax for …

the rate of tax in Iran has been very low. The generation account for the old people (40 olds) is 2117 $ but the future … receive the tax income, a low generation account transfer to price general level. …

curtailed credit supply, particularly at less-well capitalized banks. Second, such negative impact was larger for countries … significantly smaller for foreign-owned banks, suggesting that opening up to foreign investors may be an effective way to partly … shield the domestic banking sector from negative shocks. Overall, CAR enforcement — by inducing banks to reduce their lending …

We explore the effects of ownership concentration on the risk-taking behavior of banks. Our analysis focuses on East … concentrated ownership improves banks' liquidity. Further, the recent financial crisis does not appear to change the fundamental …

Hypothesis, under which stress-tested banks reduce credit supply – particularly to relatively risky borrowers – to decrease their … credit risk. The findings do not support the Moral Hazard Hypothesis, in which these banks expand credit supply … banks, banks that passed the stress tests, and the earlier stress tests …

banks (CSBs) had on the quality of their borrowers' financial statements. Using a difference-in-difference research design …-on-assets (ROA) after a bank's IPO. We also find that pursuant to the IPOs by their lending banks, various measures of borrowers' FRQ …

larger banks),but also boosted bank risk in the long term. Results remain robust to considerations of (1) bank …

in domestic credit and M2. A new finding is that similar variables for other systemic countries – the UK and the Euro … Area – are also important, sometimes even more so, consistent with the dominant role of European banks in cross … also the cyclical impact of global liquidity, with sensitivities of flows to banks decreasing with stronger macroeconomic …

liquidity is driven primarily by uncertainty (VIX), US monetary policy (term premia), and UK and Euro Area bank conditions … is consistent with the dominant role of European banks in cross-border lending. We also show that borrowing countries can …