what non-bank shareholders achieve. Proxy-voting rights apparently do not provide a significant means for banks to exert …

businesses who already have access to bank credit. Firms use FinTech to obtain long-term unsecured loans and reduce their … increase leverage and substitute long-term bank debt with FinTech debt. Our findings suggest that FinTech allows firms to … preserve financial exibility, reduce their bank dependence and exposure to banking shocks. …