During the financial crisis numerous European governments decided to rescue domestic banks with public funds to prevent a collapse of the banking system. To internalize the public costs, bank levies have been introduced in many countries. This paper analyzes the German bank levy which was...

Chapter 1: Introduction: Street Vendors in the Urban Economy -- Chapter 2: The Field: Profile of the Cities -- Chapter 3: Why do Street Vendors Need Finance? -- Chapter 4: Sources of Finance -- Chapter 5: How Can Financial Institutions Help Out? -- Chapter 6: Recommendations and Conclusion.

Based on Chinese city-level data from 1999 to 2012 and controlling for geological, environmental, and social diversity, this study suggests that credit plays a significant role in driving up house prices after the Great Recession, whereas property prices only influence bank lending before 2008....