Beginning in the summer 2007 the Federal Reserve (the Fed) deployed numerous conventional and innovative programs to address the credit crisis occurring in the interbank lending markets that was beginning to affect the broader financial markets and threaten the economy at large. Two of those...

In recent years, U.S. government entities have become increasingly active as commercial participants in corporate restructurings by providing rescue loans when private market funding is unavailable. Like private lenders, the government can effectively control the operations of distressed...

We empirically examine three channels in the relation between banks' CDS trading and loan sales. The substitute channel predicts a negative relation between CDS hedging and loan sales, and the complementary channel predicts a positive relation. The credit-enhancement channel predicts a positive...

This article provides a side-by-side comparison of payday lending and consumer litigation funding in order to aid policymakers. Funding has similarities with payday lending because they are both alternative financial services, involve high interest rates, and cater to customers who need money...

Chinese banks have sought ways to rapidly expand lending in light of strict regulatory mandates to reduce official lending and maintain high capital adequacy ratios. Through arbitraging capital risk weights, total lending has expanded while capital adequacy ratios have remained unchanged....

The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) encourages banks to expand mortgage lending in the communities in which they have branch offices, subject to maintaining overall levels of financial safety and soundness. Some have argued that this regulation forced banks to lower their credit standards and...

This paper documents the expectations for the fintech lending industry, which has emerged in this decade, and compares such expectations to market outcomes. It presents an evidence based analysis for policy making decisions. Part one of the paper explores expectations – possible benefits and...

China's Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending market now comprises a significant share of global markets in terms of transaction amounts, followed by the US and the UK. This huge market share was strongly driven by huge demand from the underserved borrowers and lenders in the Chinese financial market as...

We provide a novel interpretation of shadow banking in China from the perspective of dual-track interest rate liberalization. Shadow banking leads to a Kaldor-Hicks improvement, if the gains from reducing the capital idleness and financing the more productive private enterprise (PE) outweigh the...

We study the impact of loan-to-value regulation on supply and demand for unregulated debt that is used for home acquisition. In our setting, part of the dwelling price is in the form of pre-existing debt exempt from the regulation. Variations in the latter prior to the LTV regulation generated...