We employ senior bank loan officers' responses regarding actual and expected loan demand from enterprises linking successive surveys to determine the dominant expectation formation mechanism that best describes European senior bank loan officers' expectations. Our findings suggest that the...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the link between bank credit standards (CS hereafter) and business cycle fluctuations. This is the first empirical study which attempts to examine whether business cycle affects bank CS. We use quarterly survey-data on CS taken from the Bank Lending...