In 2016, the volume of bank lending resumed growth. However, its level remains below the 2014 indicators and is insufficient to curtail the reduction of the population's loan debt volumes. There is a shift in the retail bank lending debt structure in favor of the long-term and cheaper mortgages....

This paper studies a modern monetary economy: trade in both goods and securities relies on money provided by intermediaries. While money is valued for its liquidity, its creation requires costly leverage. Inflation, security prices and the transmission of monetary policy then depend on the...

Financial intermediaries issue the majority of liquid securities, and nonfinancial firms have become net savers, holding intermediaries' debt as cash. This paper shows that intermediaries' liquidity creation stimulates growth -- firms hold their debt for unhedgeable investment needs -- but also...

New parameters of retail lending continue to recover in 2017 amid interest rate cuts. However, the effects of the downturn of 2015 have yet to be overcome, loans for households' consumption on are now less important than they were in 2012–2013, and new loans are not enough to cover the cost...

In 2016, corporate credit exposure growth rates dropped to zero. Origination of new loans declined against the volumes of economic activity. In recent months, a reduction of past-due payment was observed across all loan categories

Using micro-level data for the U.S., we provide new evidence-at national and state levels - of a positive (negative) relationship between the standard deviation (coefficient of variation) and the average in bank lending-rate markups. In a quantitative theory consistent with these empirical...

Using micro-level data for the U.S., we provide new evidence - at national and state levels - of a positive (negative) relationship between the standard deviation (coefficient of variation) and the average in bank lending-rate markups. In a quantitative theory consistent with these empirical...

One suggested hypothesis for the dramatic rise in household borrowing that preceded the financial crisis is that low-income households increased their demand for credit to finance higher consumption expenditures in order to "keep up" with higherincome households. Using household level data on...

One suggested hypothesis for the dramatic rise in household borrowing that preceded the financial crisis is that low-income households increased their demand for credit to finance higher consumption expenditures in order to "keep up" with higherincome households. Using household level data on...

One suggested hypothesis for the dramatic rise in household borrowing that preceded the financial crisis is that low-income households increased their demand for credit to finance higher consumption expenditures in order to “keep up” with higher-income households. Using household level data...