"Community banks - generally small and locally focused institutions - are important sources of credit to small businesses. Since the 2007-2009 financial crisis, regulators have made significant changes to the regulatory environment. Chapter 1 examines the data regulators use to measure small...

Prior to May 1, 2016, the supply of loan intermediary services and many other services in China was subject to tax under a turnover tax regime known as the Business Tax. As a turnover tax, the system had a tax cascading effect, with suppliers unable to recognize input taxes incurred on...